Heart & Vascular Health

Non-HDL Cholesterol
Includes all “bad” cholesterol particles (LDL, VLDL, IDL) that contribute to plaque buildup in arteries. A stronger predictor of cardiovascular risk than total cholesterol alone.

HDL Cholesterol
Known as the “good” cholesterol, HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from blood vessels. Higher levels are protective against heart disease.

Triglycerides
A type of fat in the blood that, when elevated, increases the risk of atherosclerosis and metabolic conditions. Often linked with insulin resistance and diet.

LDL Cholesterol
The “bad” cholesterol most associated with plaque in arteries. Lower levels reduce cardiovascular risk.

Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
Compares total cholesterol to HDL. A lower ratio reflects better heart protection and reduced risk of atherosclerosis.

LDL/HDL Ratio
Balances harmful LDL against protective HDL. A higher ratio signals higher cardiovascular risk.

Cholesterol, Total
The sum of all cholesterol types in the blood. Useful as a broad screening marker but less predictive than advanced lipid measures.

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
The protein backbone of LDL and other atherogenic particles. Considered the most precise measure of particle-driven cardiovascular risk.

Lipoprotein (a)
A genetic risk factor for heart disease and stroke, independent of diet and lifestyle. Elevated levels are linked with early atherosclerosis.

LDL P (Particle Number)
Measures the number of LDL particles, not just their cholesterol content. More particles mean higher risk of arterial plaque buildup.

Neutrophil-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio (NHR)
Links inflammation with lipid balance. Higher values indicate increased vascular inflammation and worse heart outcomes.

Triglyceride / HDL Cholesterol (Molar Ratio)
A marker of insulin resistance and metabolic health. Elevated ratios suggest higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP)
Calculated from triglycerides and HDL. A strong predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.

Small LDL P
Counts small, dense LDL particles that are more likely to penetrate artery walls and promote plaque.

Non-HDL Cholesterol / Total Cholesterol (Mass Ratio)
The fraction of cholesterol that is potentially harmful. Useful for refining overall risk assessment.

HDL Size
Larger HDL particles are more efficient at cholesterol removal. Smaller HDL may indicate impaired heart protection.

Large HDL P
The number of protective large HDL particles. Higher levels suggest better cardiovascular defense.

LDL Size
Small LDL particles are more dangerous than large LDL. Size helps refine risk beyond LDL cholesterol levels.

Large VLDL P
Represents triglyceride-rich particles linked with insulin resistance and higher cardiovascular risk.

Atherogenic Coefficient
Another ratio reflecting the balance of harmful versus protective lipids. Higher values signal higher risk.

LDL Cholesterol / Total Cholesterol (Mass Ratio)
Indicates how much of total cholesterol is carried by LDL. Higher ratios are associated with increased risk.

HDL P (Particle Number)
Total count of HDL particles. More particles, especially large ones, indicate stronger cardiovascular protection.

VLDL Size
Large VLDL particles carry triglycerides and promote metabolic dysfunction. Smaller size is generally healthier.

LDL-C / ApoB
Shows how much cholesterol is carried per particle. Low values suggest many small, dense LDL — a higher risk profile.

Uric Acid / HDL-C
A combined metabolic and lipid risk marker. Elevated values are linked with metabolic syndrome and vascular stress.

TG / ApoB
Evaluates triglyceride burden per lipoprotein particle. A marker of lipid quality and cardiometabolic health.

Non-HDL Cholesterol / Apolipoprotein B (Non-HDL-C / ApoB)
Assesses cholesterol content per atherogenic particle. Helps identify small, dense, high-risk particles.